Измерение политического знания: разработка и апробация шкалы в России
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Климова А.М., Артамонов Г.А., Чмель К.Ш. Измерение политического знания: разработка и апробация шкалы в России // Социология: методология, методы, математическое моделирование (Социология:4М). 2022. № 52. С. 61-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/4m.2021.52.3
Аннотация
Впервые в отечественной литературе предложена и валидизирована шкала политического знания. Шкала была апробирована в телефонном опросе 2021 г. с использованием случайной выборки (N = 3002). В шкалу включены 10 вопросов на знание институционального устройства, основных политических акторов, значимых событий, международной политики, а также на знание истории государства. Предлагаемый инструментарий продемонстрировал достаточно хорошие показатели надежности-согласованности. Так, альфа Кронбаха оказалась равной 0,74. Кроме того, на основе социально-демографических переменных, интереса к политике, обсуждения новостей, медиапотребления и политического поведения показана критериальная и конвергентная валидность инструментария. Мы обнаружили слабые и средние коэффициенты корреляции между социально-демографическими переменными и уровнем политического знания. Проверка конвергентной валидности показывает слабую и среднюю корреляцию с интересом к политике, частотой обсуждения политических новостей в близком кругу, а также медиапотреблением. Наиболее выраженная корреляция обнаружена с интересом к политике. Кроме того, мы обнаружили положительную связь между уровнем политического знания и такими формами политического поведения, как голосование на выборах в Государственную думу, подписание петиций и участие в агитации. Наконец, результаты теории ответов на задания (Item-Response Theory – IRT) продемонстрировали хорошее качество предлагаемых вопросов. В целом можем сделать вывод, что данную шкалу можно использовать для измерения политического знания в России.
Ключевые слова:
политическое знание, критериальная валидность, конвергентная валидность, надежность-согласованность, альфа Кронбаха, KR20, IRT
Литература
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22. Luskin R.C., Bullock J.G. “Don’t know” Means “Don’t Know”: DK Re¬sponses and the Public’s Level of Political Knowledge // The Journal of Politics. 2011. No. 73 (2). P. 547–557.
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24. Maydeu-Olivares A. Goodness-of-Fit Assessment of Item Response Theory Models // Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives. 2013. No. 11 (3). P. 71–101.
25. Chaffee S.H., Zhao X., Leshner G. Political Knowledge and the Campaign Media of 1992 // Communication Research. 1994. No. 2 1(3). P. 305–324.
26. Chaffee S.H., Kanihan S.F. Learning about Politics from the Mass Media // Political Communication. 1997. No. 14 (4). P. 421–430.
27. Larcinese V. Does Political Knowledge Increase Turnout? Evidence from the 1997 British General Election // Public Choice. 2007. No. 131. P. 387–411.
28. The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns: Evidence From Panel Data / D.V. Dimitrova [et al.] // Commu¬nication Research. 2014. No. 41 (1). P. 95–118.
29. Amsalem E., Nir L. Does Interpersonal Discussion Increase Political Knowledge? A Meta-Analysis // Communication Research. 2021. No. 48 (5). P. 619–641.
30. Mondak J.J., Anderson M.R. The Knowledge Gap: A Reexamination of Gender-Based Differences in Political Knowledge // The Journal of Politics. 2004. No. 66 (2). P. 492–512.
31. Sturgis P., Allum N., Smith P. An Experiment on the Measurement of Political Knowledge in Surveys // Public Opinion Quarterly. 2008. No. 72 (1). P. 90–102.
32. Shaker L. Citizens’ Local Political Knowledge and the Role of Media Access // Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 2009. No. 86 (4). P. 809–826.
33. Neuman W.R. The Paradox of Mass Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.
2. Цаллер Д. Происхождение и природа общественного мнения. М.: Фонд «Общественное мнение», 2004.
3. Berelson B.R., Lazarsfeld P.F., Mcphee W.N. Voting: a Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954.
4. Delli Carpini M.X.D., Keeter S. Stability and Change in the U.S. Public’s Knowledge of Politics // The Public Opinion Quarterly. 1991. No. 55 (4). P. 583–612.
5. Delli Carpini M.X.D., Keeter S. Measuring Political Knowledge: Putting First Things First // American Journal of Political Science. 1993. No. 37 (4). P. 1179–1206.
6. Delli Carpini M.X.D., Keeter S. What Americans Know about Politics and Why it Matters. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
7. Фомин О.Н. Политическая культура как фактор политического процесса // Власть. 2012. № 3. С. 86–89.
8. Milbrath L.W. Political Participation: How and Why Do People Get Involved in Politics? Chicago: Rand McNally, 1965.
9. Clark N. The EU’s Information Deficit: Comparing Political Knowledge across Levels of Governance // Perspectives on European Politics and Society. 2014. No. 15 (4). P. 445–463.
10. Andı S., Aytaç S.E., Çarkoğlu A. Internet and Social Media Use and Political Knowledge: Evidence from Turkey // Mediterranean Politics. 2020. No. 25 (5). P. 579–599.
11. Prior M. News vs. Entertainment: How Increasing Media Choice Widens Gaps In Political Knowledge And Turnout // American Journal of Political Science. 2005. No. 49 (3). P. 577–592.
12. Pietryka M.T., MacIntosh R.C. An Analysis of ANES Items and Their Use in the Construction of Political Knowledge Scales // Political Analysis. 2013. No. 21 (4). P. 407–429.
13. The question(s) of political knowledge / J. Barabas [et al.] // American Political Science Review. 2014. No. 108 (4). P. 840–855.
14. Mondak J.J. Developing Valid Knowledge Scales // American Journal of Political Science. 2001. No. 45 (1). P. 224–238.
15. Jennings M.K. Political Knowledge Over Time and across Generations // Public Opinion Quarterly. 1996. No. 60. P. 228–252.
16. Lupia A. Uninformed: Why People Know So Little about Politics and What We Can Do about it. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
17. Prior M., Lupia A. Money, Time, and Political Knowledge: Distinguishing Quick Recall and Political Learning Skills // American Journal of Political Science. 2008. No. 52 (1). P. 169–183.
18. Dolan K. Do Women and Men Know Different Things? Measuring Gender Differences in Political Knowledge // The Journal of Politics. 2011. No. 73 (1). P. 97–110.
19. Cohen C.J., Luttig M.D. Reconceptualizing Political Knowledge: Race, Ethnicity, and Carceral Violence // American Political Science Association. 2020. No. 18 (3). 805–818.
20. AAPOR: The American Association for Public Opinion Research. Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys. 9th ed. Amsterdam: AAPOR, 2016.
21. Robison J. Who Knows? Question Format and Political Knowledge // Inter¬national Journal of Public Opinion Research. 2015. No. 27 (1). P. 1–21.
22. Luskin R.C., Bullock J.G. “Don’t know” Means “Don’t Know”: DK Re¬sponses and the Public’s Level of Political Knowledge // The Journal of Politics. 2011. No. 73 (2). P. 547–557.
23. Mondak J.J. Reconsidering the Measurement of Political Knowledge // Political Analysis. 2000. No. 8 (1). P. 57–82.
24. Maydeu-Olivares A. Goodness-of-Fit Assessment of Item Response Theory Models // Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives. 2013. No. 11 (3). P. 71–101.
25. Chaffee S.H., Zhao X., Leshner G. Political Knowledge and the Campaign Media of 1992 // Communication Research. 1994. No. 2 1(3). P. 305–324.
26. Chaffee S.H., Kanihan S.F. Learning about Politics from the Mass Media // Political Communication. 1997. No. 14 (4). P. 421–430.
27. Larcinese V. Does Political Knowledge Increase Turnout? Evidence from the 1997 British General Election // Public Choice. 2007. No. 131. P. 387–411.
28. The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns: Evidence From Panel Data / D.V. Dimitrova [et al.] // Commu¬nication Research. 2014. No. 41 (1). P. 95–118.
29. Amsalem E., Nir L. Does Interpersonal Discussion Increase Political Knowledge? A Meta-Analysis // Communication Research. 2021. No. 48 (5). P. 619–641.
30. Mondak J.J., Anderson M.R. The Knowledge Gap: A Reexamination of Gender-Based Differences in Political Knowledge // The Journal of Politics. 2004. No. 66 (2). P. 492–512.
31. Sturgis P., Allum N., Smith P. An Experiment on the Measurement of Political Knowledge in Surveys // Public Opinion Quarterly. 2008. No. 72 (1). P. 90–102.
32. Shaker L. Citizens’ Local Political Knowledge and the Role of Media Access // Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 2009. No. 86 (4). P. 809–826.
33. Neuman W.R. The Paradox of Mass Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.
Статья
Поступила: 21.09.2021
Опубликована: 20.03.2022
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Климова, А. М., Артамонов, Г. А., & Чмель, К. Ш. (2022). Измерение политического знания: разработка и апробация шкалы в России. Социология: методология, методы, математическое моделирование (Социология:4М), (52), 61-94. https://doi.org/10.19181/4m.2021.52.3
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МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ
