Насколько важна методология при оценке детерминантов счастья? / Пер с англ. Л.А.Леоновой, А.С.Аладышкиной, А.И.Водопьяновой
Аннотация
Психологи и социологи обычно интерпретируют оценки счастья как измеренные по метрической шкале и сопоставимые между респондентами, поэтому они могут построить регрессию и оценить ее параметры методом наименьших квадратов для уровня счастья и его изменений. Экономисты обычно предполагают только порядковую сравнимость и в основном используют упорядоченные модели с латентными переменными, таким образом не принимая во внимание постоянных личностных особенностей. В статье предложено решение этой проблемы с помощью разработки условной оценочной функции для упорядоченной логит-модели с фиксированными эффектами. Обнаружено, что нет существенной разницы в результатах при предположениях о счастье как количественной или порядковой переменной, в то время как учет фиксированных эффектов существенно изменяет результаты. Мы призываем к проведению дополнительных исследований детерминантов черт личности, определяющих фиксированные эффекты.
Ключевые слова:
счастье, метрическая шкала, порядковая шкала, логит- модели с фиксированными эффектами
Литература
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Lykken D., Tellegen A. Happiness is a Stochastic Phenomenon // Psychological Science. 1996. Vol. 7. P. 186–189.
Diener E., Suh E., Lucas R., Smith H. Subjective Well-being: Three Decades of Progress // Psychological Bulletin. 1999. Vol. 125. P. 276–302.
Gardner J., Oswald A.J. Does Money Buy Happiness? A longitudinal study using data on windfalls. Coventry: Warwick Univ., 2001.
Easterlin R. Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All? // Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1995. Vol. 27. P. 35–47.
Micklewright J., Stewart K. Is the Well-being of Children Converging in the European Union? // Economic Journal. 1999. Vol. 109. P. 692–714.
Diener E., Suh E. National Differences in Well-being // Foundations of Hedonic Psychology: Scientific Perspectives on Enjoyment and Suffering / Ed. D. Kahneman, E. Diener, N. Schwarz. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1999. Ch. 22.
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Korpi T. Is Utility Related to Employment Status? Employment, Unemployment, Labor Market Policies and Subjective Well-being Among Swedish Youth // Labour Economics. 1997. Vol. 4. P. 125–147.
World Values Study Group. World Values Survey 1981–1984 and 1990–1993, Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research; Univ. of Michigan, 1994.
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Diener E., Diener M., Diener C. Factors Predicting the Subjective Well-being of Nations // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995. Vol. 69. P. 851–864.
Inglehart R. Culture Shift. Chicago: Chicago Press, 1990.
Diener E., Sandvik E., Seidlitz L., Diener M. The Relationship between Income and Subjective Well-being: Relative or Absolute? // Social Indicators Research. 1993. Vol. 28. P. 195–223.
Glenn N.D., Weaver C.N. A Multivariate, Multisurvey Study of Marital Happiness // Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1979. Vol. 40. P. 269–282.
Clark A.E., Oswald A.J. Satisfaction and Comparison Income // Journal of Public Economics. 1996. Vol. 61. P. 359–381.
Plug E.J.S. Leyden Welfare and Beyond. PhD thesis. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers, 1997.
Ferrer-i-Carbonell A. Income and Well-being: an Empirical Analysis of the Comparison Income Effect // Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers. 2002. No. 02–019/3.
McBride M. Relative-income Effects on Subjective Well-being in the Crosssection // Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 2001. Vol. 45. P. 251–278.
Van Praag B.M.S., Frijters P., Ferrer-i-Carbonell A. The Anatomy of Subjective Well-being // Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 2003. Vol. 51. P. 29–49.
Blanchflower D.G., Oswald A.J. The Rising of Well-being of the Young // Youth mployment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries / Ed. D.G. Blanchflower, R.B. Freeman. Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research; Univ. of Chicago Press, 2000. Ch. 7.
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